New Immunotherapy Shows Promise in Shrinking Metastatic Tumors (5 minutes reading)

A recent clinical trial led by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has shown promising results for a new form of cancer treatment called tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy. This personalized immunotherapy, combined with the drug pembrolizumab (Keytruda), significantly shrank tumors in patients with various metastatic gastrointestinal cancers.

TIL therapy works by selecting immune cells from the patient's tumor that specifically target cancer cells. These cells are then grown in large quantities in a lab and administered back to the patient. In the trial, nearly 24% of patients treated with selected TILs and pembrolizumab saw a substantial reduction in tumor size, compared to only 7.7% of patients treated with TILs alone.

The trial included 91 patients with advanced cancers such as esophageal, stomach, pancreatic, colon, and rectal cancers. The best results were seen in patients who received both TIL therapy and pembrolizumab, with some experiencing tumor shrinkage lasting from several months to over five years.

This breakthrough offers hope for using cell-based immunotherapy to treat common solid tumors, which has been challenging for researchers. The study's lead investigator, Dr. Steven A. Rosenberg, believes this approach could pave the way for more effective cancer treatments in the future.

Researchers are now working on methods to improve TIL therapy by identifying immune cells that target multiple proteins within tumors, aiming to increase the number of patients who respond positively to this treatment.

More information in the LINK

 

Prevention and Screening Save Lives in Five Major Cancer Types

From 1975 to 2020, efforts in prevention and screening helped avoid 4.75 million deaths from breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers. This study by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) shows that these efforts have saved more lives than treatment advances.

Key findings include that smoking cessation prevented 3.45 million deaths from lung cancer. In breast cancer, treatment advances saved most lives, with mammography screening also contributing. Screening and removal of precancerous lesions prevented 160,000 deaths from cervical cancer. Screening and removal of polyps averted 79% of 940,000 deaths from colorectal cancer. PSA testing and treatment advances saved 360,000 lives from prostate cancer.

The study emphasizes the importance of combining prevention, screening, and treatment to reduce cancer death rates. The Biden Cancer Moonshot aims to cut the cancer death rate by 50% by 2047, highlighting the crucial role of prevention and screening efforts.

source: LINK

 

Innovative Cancer Treatment: Engineered Fat Cells to "Starve" Tumors

Scientists have developed a groundbreaking treatment that uses genetically modified fat cells to slow tumor growth by depriving them of essential nutrients. In a recent study, researchers engineered white fat cells to aggressively consume nutrients like glucose and fatty acids. When these modified cells were implanted near tumors in mice, the tumors grew more slowly.

This new approach, called adipose manipulation transplantation (AMT), showed promising results even when the engineered fat cells were implanted far from the tumors. The researchers believe these cells outcompete cancer cells for nutrients, effectively suppressing tumor growth.

Unlike existing cellular therapies that use immune cells, AMT uses a patient's own fat cells, which are less likely to trigger an immune response. This makes AMT a potentially safer and more effective option for cancer treatment.

The study leader, Dr. Nadav Ahituv, suggests that this innovative therapy could be a new form of cancer treatment. Further research is needed to understand the long-term effects and potential resistance of cancer cells to this treatment. However, the findings offer hope for a nontoxic, nutrient-based approach to cancer therapy that could revolutionize treatment options in the future.

For more information click the following  LINK

 

Man's Heartburn Turns Out to Be Stage Three Cancer: How a Panini Saved His Life

Sam Brandon, a 40-year-old father of two, thought his persistent heartburn was just a normal part of life. But one day, while rushing through a London tube station and trying to eat a panini, he started choking and threw up on the train. This incident led him to finally see a doctor.

Sam had been dealing with heartburn for years, often talking to colleagues about the best heartburn medicines. He blamed his busy lifestyle for the symptoms and never found time to visit a doctor. When he finally did, he was given medication that helped for a while, but he still felt like something was stuck in his throat.

During a holiday, he had another choking episode and felt a cold sensation in his stomach. Back in the UK, he insisted on seeing a specialist. An endoscopy revealed a large tumor in his throat, and he was diagnosed with stage three esophageal cancer. The cancer had spread to his lymph nodes, and he needed chemotherapy and surgery to remove most of his esophagus.

Despite the grim diagnosis, Sam remained positive. He celebrated his wife’s 40th birthday at Glastonbury festival and later married her. After a successful surgery, Sam is now in remission and training for an ultramarathon to raise awareness about heartburn and cancer. He hopes his story will encourage others to take persistent heartburn seriously and seek medical advice.

Source: https://www.ladbible.com/news/health/father-heartburn-pain-stage-three-cancer-265144-20250420

Warning: CT Scans Linked to Increased Cancer Risk

Overusing CT scans in the US could lead to over 100,000 extra cancer cases, including nearly 10,000 in children, according to a study in JAMA Internal Medicine. CT scans use ionizing radiation, which can increase cancer risk. While the risk to individuals is low and often outweighed by the benefits, the high number of scans is concerning.

Researchers from the Institute of Cancer Research, Kaiser Permanente, and the University of California found that the 93 million CT scans done in 2023 could cause 5% of all US cancers. The number of CT scans in the US has risen by 30% since 2009.

The study used a risk model to estimate future cancer cases linked to these scans. It found that 2.5 million children’s scans could result in 9,700 cancers. Adults, who get more scans, are expected to have more cancer cases.

CT scans are vital for diagnosing and treating many conditions, but unnecessary scans should be avoided. In the UK, strict regulations ensure scans are only done when needed, resulting in fewer scans per person compared to the US.

Luis Mendoza, MD, PhD

PRESENTATION OF Dr LUIS MENDOZA

 

Anti-tumor activity of curcumin on stomach cancer

You may have seen it popping up on cafe menus recently — the "golden latte". It's hot milk mixed with turmeric, coconut oil, maybe a bit of honey. Curcumin has been proclaimed a superfood; a health booster — the yellow powder used as a central component in Asian cooking for thousands of years. turmeric was known as a healing food in the ancient Indian system of medicine Ayurveda — where it was used for many medical uses. Recently a new research indicates the curcumin also help prevent or combat stomach cancer.

A recent study by researchers at the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) and the Federal University of Pará (UFPA) in Brazil identified possible therapeutic effects of this pigment and of other bioactive compounds found in food on stomach cancer, the third and fifth most frequent type of cancer among Brazilian men and women, respectively. They undertook a vast review of the scientific literature on all nutrients and bioactive compounds with the potential to prevent or treat stomach cancer and found that curcumin is one of them. Curcumin is a natural regulator of histone activity.

Histones are proteins in cell nuclei that organize the DNA double helix into structural units called nucleosomes. Each nucleosome is made of DNA coiled like a spool around eight histone proteins (a histone octamer) to compact the DNA so that it fits in the cell, where it is packaged into chromatin. The activity of the histones is regulated by some enzymes like histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). These alterations are epigenetic and affect the structure and integrity of the genome in many tumors, including stomach cancer.

The researchers have found that curcumin influences histone modifications primarily by inhibiting HATs and HDACs to suppress cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) on the tumoral cells.

Journal Reference:

Danielle Q Calcagno, Fernanda Wisnieski, Elizangela R da Silva Mota, Stefanie B Maia de Sousa, Jéssica M Costa da Silva, Mariana F Leal, Carolina O Gigek, Leonardo C Santos, Lucas T Rasmussen, Paulo P Assumpção, Rommel R Burbano, Marília AC Smith. Role of histone acetylation in gastric cancer: implications of dietetic compounds and clinical perspectives. Epigenomics, 2019; 11 (3): 349 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0081

Why does exercise protect against cancer? Inflammation may play a role

One of the most important benefits of exercise is in how it reduces our risk of developing a number of types of cancer — especially colorectal cancer, which according to some estimates is the malignancy most influenced by physical activity. But how workouts guard against colon cancer remains largely unknown. The new done at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, and other institutions recruiting 20 men who had survived colon cancer. (Women were excluded because menstruation might have affected results.).

The scientists asked 10 of the men to start working out strenuously three times a week: pedaling a stationary bicycle hard for four minutes, resting for three, and repeating that sequence three more times. They trained for a month and then, a few days after completing the program, rested quietly while researchers drew blood. The other 10 men completed the same 4 x 4 interval session, but only once. The researchers drew their blood before, immediately following and an additional two hours after that lone workout.

The scientists then carefully added a tiny amount of fluid from the men’s blood to petri dishes containing human colon-cancer tumor cells often used to study cancer growth. At several points during the subsequent 72 hours, the researchers counted the numbers of cells in each dish. They soon saw substantial differences.

In the dishes containing fluid taken from the men immediately after a single workout, the scientists counted far fewer cancer cells than in those awash in fluid drawn two hours after exercise. There was no similar decline in the dishes from the men who had trained for a month. In effect, something about the blood drawn immediately after the workout was slowing the growth of cancer cells.

The researchers think they may have identified that something in subsequent analyses of the men’s blood. They found a large increase in molecules involved in inflammation immediately after exercise. Inflammation can slow cell growth and reproduction. So a transitory increase in inflammatory markers after exercise might be helping to jam the proliferation of tumor cells.
 

Cancer rates in young children are increasing worldwide                                                                                                    

Rates of pediatric cancer have been rising since the 1980s; however, this increase varies by age group and cancer type. University of Minnesota researchers studied children under 5 years of age to understand cancer trends that occur in this age group around the world. Their findings were recently published in the journal JNCI Cancer Spectrum.

Researchers analyzed data from individual countries in 15 subregional categories to compare trends in cancer rates for 11 different types of pediatric cancer from 1988 to 2012.

The study found:

• in children under 5 years, cancer rates increased for both common types of childhood leukemia, one brain tumor subtype, neuroblastoma and hepatoblastoma;
• hepatoblastoma, a rare liver tumor, had the largest increase in incidence in 11 out of 15 regions (the increases ranged from 1.9-6.5 percent per year);
• hepatoblastoma incidence increased in all regions except southern Asia;
• astrocytic tumors in the brain were the only cancer that decreased over the time period.

The study reported small but significant increases in the rates of several types of childhood cancer in developer countries. The fastest rising cancer in children under five, this is still a very rare cancer. 

The amazing HeLa cells of Henrietta Lacks

In early 1951, Ms. Lacks, a 31-year old mother of five children, was found to have a malignant tumor of the cervix. During her examination at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, MD, a sample of the tumor was removed and provided to Dr. George Gey. He was head of tissue culture research at Hopkins who for years had been attempting to produce a line of immortal human cells.  When Ms. Lacks died in October 1951, Dr. Gey announced on national television that he had produced from Ms. Lacks’ tumor a line of cells that propagated as no other cells ever had before. He called them ‘HeLa’ cells in her honor, and showed a vial of the cells to the television audience.

HeLa cells have since been used in many laboratories all over the world to make countless research discoveries. For example, shortly after Dr. Gey announced the HeLa cell line, it was used to propagate poliovirus, an event that played an important role in the development of poliovirus vaccines. But Ms. Lacks’ family never learned about the important cells that were derived from her until 24 years after her death. The history of this event, described in the Johns Hopkins Magazine, is a commentary on the lack of informed consent common in medical research at the time.